Fw: H-ASIA: Questions on Chinese Imperial Civil Service Exams (response)

----- Original Message -----
From: "Monika Lehner" <monika.lehner@UNIVIE.AC.AT>
To: <H-ASIA@H-NET.MSU.EDU>
Sent: Saturday, April 09, 2011 9:07 PM
Subject: H-ASIA: Questions on Chinese Imperial Civil Service Exams
(response)

> H-ASIA
> April 9, 2011
>
> Questions on Chinese Imperial Civil Service Exams (response)
> ************************************************************************
> From: Kristin E Stapleton <kstaple@buffalo.edu>
>
> In answer to James Frey's students' questions: You can get a good, brief
> account of cheating (occurred regularly) and how it was dealt with in
> Ichisada Miyazaki's book _China's Examination Hell_ (Conrad Schirokauer,
> trans. Yale, 1981). The index covers cheating. I looked at page 21 on
> google books (my copy is at the office). Candidates who copied out model
> essays they had studied were failed. Candidates who hired other people to
> take the exams for them received "heavy punishment." Bribery of the
> officials who administered the exam was one common cheating tactic.
> Miyazaki says officials caught taking bribes could be sent to exile in the
> border regions. Methods of administering the exams and grading them were
> devised to limit the possibility of cheating -- candidates were searched
> before they entered the exam stalls and, at the higher level exams,
> answers were copied out by clerks so that handwriting would not allow the
> appointed grading officials to recognize particular candidates.
>
> You could also refer interested students to Wu Jingzi's satirical novel
> _The Scholars_ (Rulin waishi, written in the mid-18th century and
> published in a translation by Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang by Columbia).
> Its early chapters offer a very amusing and cynical account of the
> examination racket, suggesting how much discontent there was with the
> system among candidates. David S. Nivison has a classic essay on this
> topic: "Protest against Conventions and Conventions of Protest" in Arthur
> Wright, ed. _The Confucian Persuasion_ (Stanford. 1960).
>
> Kristin
>
> =====================
> Kristin Stapleton
> Director of Asian Studies
> Director of the Confucius Institute at the University at Buffalo
> Associate Professor of History
> University at Buffalo
> kstaple@buffalo.edu
>
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